What are the key components of a full-stack Java application?

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A full-stack Java application consists of several key components:

1. Frontend (Client-side):

   • HTML, CSS, JavaScript: Used to build the structure, design, and interactivity of the user interface.

   • Frontend Frameworks: React, Angular, or Vue.js to develop dynamic and responsive UIs.

2. Backend (Server-side):

   • Java: The primary language for backend development.

   • Web Frameworks: Spring Boot is the most common Java framework for building robust, scalable applications. It provides features like routing, security, and database integration.

   • APIs: RESTful or Graph QL APIs for communication between the frontend and backend.

3. Database:

   • SQL Databases: PostgreSQL, MySQL, or Oracle for relational data storage.

   • NoSQL Databases: MongoDB for flexible, unstructured data.

   • ORM: Hibernate or Spring Data JPA for object-relational mapping to interact with databases using Java objects.

4. Authentication & Authorization:

   • Manages user authentication (e.g., login) and authorization (role-based access control). Common tools include Spring Security for securing the application.

5. Server:

   • Web Server: Apache Tomcat or Jetty to serve Java-based web applications.

   • Application Server: JBoss, Glass Fish for handling enterprise-level applications.

6. Deployment:

   • Cloud platforms (AWS, Google Cloud) or containerization (Docker) for hosting and deployment.

7. Testing:

   • Unit testing (JUnit), integration testing, and end-to-end testing frameworks.

8. Version Control:

   • Git for version control, typically with GitHub or GitLab for collaboration.

9. Background Tasks:

   • Task scheduling tools like Quartz for handling asynchronous jobs.

10. Monitoring & Logging:

• Tools like Log back, SLF4J, and Prometheus for logging and monitoring application health.

These components together form a complete Java-based full-stack application.

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