How does React or Angular communicate with a Java backend?

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React or Angular communicates with a Java backend primarily through HTTP requests via a REST API or Graph QL. Here's how it works:

1. Java Backend (e.g., Spring Boot): Exposes endpoints using REST controllers (@RestController) or GraphQL resolvers. These endpoints handle CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete) and respond with data in JSON format.

2. Frontend (React or Angular):

   • Makes HTTP requests using libraries like fetch, axios (React), or Angular’s built-in Http Client.

   • Sends requests to backend endpoints like GET /api/users or POST /api/login.

   • Can include query parameters, request headers (e.g., for tokens), and body data (in POST/PUT).

3. Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS): If frontend and backend are on different domains or ports during development, the backend must enable CORS (e.g., using @CrossOrigin in Spring Boot) to allow communication.

4. Authentication: Frontend sends login credentials, gets back a token (like JWT), and includes it in headers for protected routes.

5. Data Flow:

   • User triggers action in UI (e.g., click "Load Users")

   • Frontend sends GET /api/users to Java backend

   • Backend processes and returns a JSON response

   • Frontend renders the data in the UI

This decoupled architecture keeps frontend and backend loosely connected and scalable.

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