What is inheritance in Java?
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Inheritance in Java is a fundamental object-oriented programming (OOP) concept where one class (called a subclass or child class) acquires the properties and behaviors (fields and methods) of another class (called a superclass or parent class). This allows for code reuse, modularity, and the creation of hierarchical relationships between classes.
Key Points:
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Extending a Class: In Java, a subclass can inherit from a superclass using the
extends
keyword. The subclass inherits the non-private members (fields and methods) of the superclass but can also add its own members or override inherited methods.
Constructor Inheritance: Constructors are not inherited, but a subclass can call a superclass constructor using
super()
.-
Method Overriding: A subclass can provide its own implementation of a method that is already defined in its superclass. This is known as method overriding. It must have the same method signature as the superclass method.
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Access to Superclass Members: A subclass inherits public and protected members of the superclass, but not private members. However, private members can be accessed using getter/setter methods if provided.
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Single Inheritance: Java supports single inheritance, meaning a class can inherit from only one superclass. However, a class can implement multiple interfaces, offering some flexibility in designing systems.
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Polymorphism: Inheritance is often used in conjunction with polymorphism, allowing objects of a subclass to be treated as objects of the superclass, enabling dynamic method invocation.
Inheritance enhances reusability and maintains a clean, organized structure in object-oriented systems.
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