How do you implement user authentication and authorization in a full stack Java application (e.g., using Spring Security and JWT)?

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To implement user authentication and authorization in a full stack Java application, you can use Spring Security with JWT (JSON Web Token). This combination provides secure, stateless authentication, ideal for RESTful APIs.

1. Backend Setup (Spring Boot + Spring Security)

Add Dependencies

Include these in your pom.xml:

User Authentication Flow

• Create a User entity and repository.

• Implement UserDetailsService to load user data from DB.

• Hash passwords using BCryptPasswordEncoder.

JWT Utility Class

• Generate and validate tokens.

Authentication Controller

• Accept username/password.

• Authenticate with AuthenticationManager.

• Return JWT if credentials are valid.

Security Configuration

• Extend WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter.

• Use a JwtAuthenticationFilter to intercept and validate JWTs on each request.

• Set endpoint access rules (.antMatchers().permitAll() vs .authenticated()).

2. Frontend Integration

• On login, store JWT in local storage or cookies.

• Send JWT in Authorization header for API requests:

3. Authorization

• Use roles/authorities in Spring Security.

This approach ensures secure, stateless user authentication with clear role-based access control in full stack Java applications.

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