What is exception handling in Java?

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Exception handling in Java is a mechanism that allows developers to manage runtime errors, ensuring the normal flow of the application. It provides a structured way to detect and handle abnormal conditions (exceptions), such as dividing by zero, accessing invalid array indexes, or attempting to open a non-existent file.

In Java, exceptions are objects that represent an error or unexpected behavior. All exceptions are derived from the Throwable class, which has two main subclasses: Exception and Error. While Error indicates serious problems that applications usually should not try to handle (like Out Of Memory Error), Exception represents conditions that a program might want to catch.

Java uses five main keywords for exception handling:

• try: Defines a block of code that might throw exceptions.

• catch: Declares a block to handle specific exceptions.

• finally: Contains code that executes after try and catch, regardless of whether an exception was thrown.

• throw: Used to explicitly throw an exception.

• throws: Declares exceptions a method might throw.

Proper exception handling improves a program’s robustness and readability by separating normal logic from error-handling code. It allows developers to deal with unexpected events gracefully rather than letting the application crash.

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