How does exception handling work in Java?

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In Java, exception handling is a mechanism that allows a program to deal with unexpected situations or errors during execution in a structured way. It uses five key keywords: try, catch, finally, throw, and throws.

1. Try-Catch Block

Code that might throw an exception is placed inside a try block. If an exception occurs, it's caught by a corresponding catch block:

2. Finally Block

The finally block is used to execute code regardless of whether an exception is thrown or not. It's often used for cleanup, like closing files or database connections:

3. Throw Keyword

You can use throw to explicitly throw an exception:

4. Throws Keyword

The throws keyword is used in method declarations to indicate that a method might throw exceptions:

Types of Exceptions:

• Checked Exceptions: Must be either caught or declared in the method signature (e.g., IOException).

• Unchecked Exceptions: Subclasses of RuntimeException; don't require explicit handling (e.g., NullPointerException).

Exception handling in Java promotes robust and error-resilient code by separating error-handling logic from regular code.

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