What is the purpose of the final, finally, and finalize() keywords?

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In Java, final, finally, and finalize() serve very different purposes, despite sounding similar:

  1. final
    The final keyword is used to declare constants, prevent method overriding, and stop class inheritance:

    • Final variable: Its value cannot be changed once assigned.

    • Final method: Cannot be overridden by subclasses.

    • Final class: Cannot be subclassed.

  2. finally
    The finally block is used in exception handling to ensure that a section of code runs no matter what, even if an exception is thrown. It's typically used for cleanup tasks like closing files or releasing resources.
  3. finalize()
    The finalize() method was part of Java's garbage collection mechanism. It was called by the garbage collector before an object was removed from memory, giving a last chance to release resources. However, it's deprecated since Java 9 due to unpredictability and better alternatives like try-with-resources and Cleaner.

Summary:

  • final prevents changes.

  • finally ensures code always runs.

  • finalize() was used for cleanup before object destruction but is now outdated.

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