What is RESTful API design and how is it implemented in Java using Spring MVC?

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RESTful API design follows the principles of Representational State Transfer (REST), an architectural style for designing networked applications. RESTful APIs use standard HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) to perform CRUD operations on resources, which are typically represented as JSON or XML. Key principles include stateless communication, resource-based URIs, and uniform interface.

Implementation in Java using Spring MVC:

Spring MVC simplifies the development of RESTful APIs by providing annotations and built-in support for HTTP. Here's a basic overview of how to implement a RESTful API:

1. Define a model class – Represents the data (e.g., User).

2. Create a controller – Annotated with @RestController, which combines @Controller and @ResponseBody. This class handles HTTP requests.

3. Service and Repository layers – Implement business logic and database access using Spring's @Service and @Repository annotations.

This design leads to clean, scalable, and maintainable APIs by separating concerns and adhering to RESTful conventions.

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