How do you monitor and log full stack Java applications in production (e.g., using ELK stack, Prometheus, etc.)?

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Monitoring and logging full-stack Java applications in production ensures performance, stability, and quick troubleshooting. Here’s how it's typically done using tools like the ELK stack, Prometheus, and others:

1. Logging with ELK Stack:

   • Logback/Log4j: Java apps use these libraries to generate logs.

   • Filebeat: Installed on servers to ship logs to Logstash or Elasticsearch.

   • Logstash: Parses and transforms logs before sending them to Elasticsearch.

   • Elasticsearch: Stores and indexes logs for fast searching.

   • Kibana: Visualizes logs and creates dashboards for real-time insights and alerting.

2. Metrics with Prometheus and Grafana:

   • Micrometer: Integrates with Java frameworks (e.g., Spring Boot) to expose application metrics.

   • Prometheus: Scrapes these metrics via an HTTP endpoint (e.g., /actuator/prometheus).

   • Grafana: Connects to Prometheus to visualize CPU usage, memory, response times, etc.

3. Tracing and Performance Monitoring:

   • Use tools like Jaeger or Zipkin for distributed tracing (via Spring Cloud Sleuth).

   • APM tools (e.g., Elastic APM, New Relic, or Datadog) provide deep insights into transactions, exceptions, and bottlenecks.

4. Alerts and Anomaly Detection:

   • Prometheus Alertmanager or Kibana alerts can notify teams via email, Slack, or PagerDuty on anomalies.

This setup ensures you capture logs, metrics, and traces across the full stack, enabling fast debugging and proactive monitoring.

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