Explain Dependency Injection in Spring.

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Dependency Injection (DI) in Spring is a design pattern used to achieve Inversion of Control (IoC), where the control of creating and managing objects is transferred from the application code to the Spring container. Instead of a class creating its own dependencies, these dependencies are provided (injected) by the container, promoting loose coupling and easier testing.

How DI Works in Spring:

  • The Spring IoC container instantiates, configures, and assembles the objects (beans).

  • Dependencies are injected into a class either through:

    • Constructor Injection: Dependencies are passed via the class constructor.

    • Setter Injection: Dependencies are set through setter methods.

    • Field Injection: Dependencies are injected directly into fields (less recommended).

Benefits:

  • Loose Coupling: Classes depend on abstractions/interfaces rather than concrete implementations.

  • Easier Testing: Dependencies can be mocked or swapped easily during tests.

  • Improved Maintainability: Changes in dependencies don’t require changes in dependent classes.

  • Better Code Organization: Clear separation of concerns.

Here, Spring injects an instance of Repository into Service automatically.

Summary:

Dependency Injection in Spring delegates the responsibility of dependency management to the framework, enabling cleaner, modular, and testable code by decoupling object creation from usage.

Read More

What is the difference between Spring and Spring Boot?

What is Spring Framework and why is it used?

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